TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION PAGE
INTRODUCTION ix
I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1
II. MARKET ENVIRONMENT 4
General 4
World Economic Overview 8
Recent Historical Trends 8
World Economic Outlook 11
World Population Overview 14
World Households 16
World Light Vehicle Overview 18
Light Vehicle Production 19
Light Vehicle Sales 23
Environmental & Regulatory Factors 25
Regulatory Convergence 26
Drivers of Regulatory Change 28
Pricing Trends 30
Competitive Assessment 33
Green Vehicle Technology Assessment 41
Pure Electric Vehicles 41
Hybrid-Electric Vehicles 43
Full Hybrid 44
Mild Hybrid 46
Plug-In Hybrid 47
Natural Gas Vehicles 48
Competing Technologies 48
Internal Combustion Engines 48
Spark Ignition Internal Combustion Engines 49
Diesel Internal Combustion Engines 51
Flexible Fuel Internal Combustion Engines 54
Fuel Cell Powered Vehicles 56
Energy Storage Technology 59
III. WORLD OVERVIEW 61
General 61
World Light-Duty Green Vehicle Supply & Demand Trends 62
Demand by Region 65
Supply by Region 67
Foreign Trade 69
World Light-Duty Green Vehicle Park 71
World Light-Duty Green Vehicle Demand by Type 74
Natural Gas Vehicles 74
Conventional Hybrid-Electric Vehicles 77
Electric Vehicles 79
Plug-In Hybrid-Electric Vehicles 81
IV. NORTH AMERICA 83
General 83
Green Vehicle Demand by Type 87
United States 88
Canada 96
Mexico 100
V. WESTERN EUROPE 107
General 107
Green Vehicle Demand by Type 111
Italy 112
France 117
Germany 124
United Kingdom 130
Sweden 136
Other Western Europe 141
VI. ASIA/PACIFIC 146
General 146
Green Vehicle Demand by Type 151
Japan 152
China 159
India 166
Australia 171
South Korea 176
Other Asia/Pacific 181
VII. OTHER REGIONS 186
Latin America 186
Macroeconomic & Green Vehicle Overview 186
Green Vehicle Demand by Type 190
Eastern Europe 192
Macroeconomic & Green Vehicle Overview 192
Green Vehicle Demand by Type 196
Africa/Mideast 197
Macroeconomic & Green Vehicle Overview 197
Green Vehicle Demand by Type 201
VIII. INDUSTRY STRUCTURE 203
General 203
Industry Composition & Market Share 206
HEV, EV & PHEV Light Vehicle Market Share 208
Natural Gas Light Vehicle Market Share 211
Mergers, Acquisitions & Industry Restructuring 212
Research & Product Development 216
Manufacturing 221
Marketing 222
Distribution 224
Financial Issues & Requirements 226
Strategic Partnerships 228
Company Profiles 231
AC Propulsion Incorporated 232
Aisin Seiki Company Limited 233
Automotive Energy Supply, see Nissan Motor Company
Automotive Fuel Cell Cooperation Corporation, see
Ballard Power Systems, Daimler and Ford
Ballard Power Systems Incorporated 235
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG 236
Better Place, see Project Better Place LLC
Blue Energy Company, see GS Yuasa and Honda
Bosch (Robert) GmbH 238
BYD Company Limited 241
Chrysler Group LLC 242
Continental AG 245
Daimler AG 247
DENSO Corporation 251
Fiat SpA 253
Ford Motor Company 255
Fuji Heavy Industries Limited 259
General Motors Corporation 261
Green Propulsion SA 267
GS Yuasa Corporation 268
Honda Motor Company Limited 270
Hyundai Motor Company 273
Infineon Technologies AG 276
Iran Khodro Company 277
Kia Motors Corporation, see Hyundai Motor Company
Lightning Car Company Limited 278
Lithium Energy Japan, see GS Yuasa and Mitsubishi Motors
Mitsubishi Motors Corporation 279
Nissan Motor Company Limited 281
Panasonic Corporation 285
Panasonic EV Energy Company, see Panasonic and Toyota
Peugeot SA 287
Phoenix Motorcars Incorporated 289
Project Better Place LLC 290
Renault SA 291
REVA Electric Car Company Private Limited 293
Saft Groupe SA 295
SAIPA Group 298
SANYO Electric Company Limited 299
SB LiMotive Company, see Bosch (Robert)
Siemens VDO Automotive, see Continental
Subaru, see Fuji Heavy Industries
Tata Motors Limited 300
Tesla Motors Incorporated 302
Think Global AS 304
Toyota Motor Corporation 306
Visionary Vehicles LLC 312
Volkswagen AG 313
ZAP 315
ZF Friedrichshafen AG 316
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NUMBER PAGE
SECTION I -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Summary Table 3
SECTION II -- MARKET ENVIRONMENT
1 World Gross Domestic Product by Region 14
2 World Population by Region 16
3 World Households by Region 18
4 World Light Vehicle Production by Region 23
5 World Light Vehicle Sales by Region 25
6 World Gasoline Direct-Injection Light Vehicle Sales by Region 51
7 World Diesel Light Vehicle Sales by Region 54
8 World Flexible Fuel Light Vehicle Sales by Region 56
9 World Commercial Motor Vehicle Fuel Cell Demand
by Chemistry, Region & Product 58
SECTION III -- WORLD OVERVIEW
1 World Light-Duty Green Vehicle Supply & Demand 64
2 World Light-Duty Green Vehicle Demand by Region 67
3 World Light-Duty Green Vehicle Supply by Region 69
4 World Light-Duty Green Vehicle Net Exports 71
5 World Light-Duty Green Vehicle Park 73
6 World Light-Duty Green Vehicle Demand by Type 74
7 World Light-Duty Natural Gas Vehicle Demand 76
8 World Light-Duty Conventional Hybrid-Electric Vehicle
Demand 78
9 World Light-Duty Pure Electric Vehicle Demand 80
10 World Light-Duty Plug-In Hybrid-Electric Vehicle Demand 82
SECTION IV -- NORTH AMERICA
1 North America Macroeconomic Indicators & Light-Duty
Green Vehicle Supply & Demand 86
2 North America Light-Duty Green Vehicle Demand 88
3 United States Macroeconomic Indicators & Light-Duty Green
Vehicle Supply & Demand 92
4 United States Light-Duty Green Vehicle Demand by Type 95
5 Canada Macroeconomic Indicators & Light-Duty Green Vehicle
Supply & Demand 98
6 Canada Light-Duty Green Vehicle Demand by Type 100
7 Mexico Macroeconomic Indicators & Light-Duty Green
Vehicle Supply & Demand 104
8 Mexico Light-Duty Green Vehicle Demand by Type 106
SECTION V -- WESTERN EUROPE
1 Western Europe Macroeconomic Indicators & Light-Duty
Green Vehicle Supply & Demand 110
2 Western Europe Light-Duty Green Vehicle Demand by Type 112
3 Italy Macroeconomic Indicators & Light-Duty Green Vehicle
Supply & Demand 115
4 Italy Light-Duty Green Vehicle Demand by Type 117
5 France Macroeconomic Indicators & Light-Duty Green Vehicle
Supply & Demand 120
6 France Light-Duty Green Vehicle Demand by Type 123
7 Germany Macroeconomic Indicators & Light-Duty Green
Vehicle Supply & Demand 127
8 Germany Light-Duty Green Vehicle Demand by Type 130
9 United Kingdom Macroeconomic Indicators & Light-Duty
Green Vehicle Supply & Demand 134
10 United Kingdom Light-Duty Green Vehicle Demand by Type 136
11 Sweden Macroeconomic Indicators & Light-Duty Green
Vehicle Supply & Demand 139
12 Sweden Light-Duty Green Vehicle Demand by Type 141
13 Other Western Europe Macroeconomic Indicators
& Light-Duty Green Vehicle Supply & Demand 143
14 Other Western Europe Light-Duty Green Vehicle Demand
by Type 145
SECTION VI -- ASIA/PACIFIC
1 Asia/Pacific Macroeconomic Indicators & Light-Duty
Green Vehicle Supply & Demand 150
2 Asia/Pacific Light-Duty Green Vehicle Demand by Type 152
3 Japan Macroeconomic Indicators & Light-Duty Green Vehicle
Supply & Demand 156
4 Japan Light-Duty Green Vehicle Demand by Type 158
5 China Macroeconomic Indicators & Light-Duty Green Vehicle
Supply & Demand 163
6 China Light-Duty Green Vehicle Demand by Type 166
7 India Macroeconomic Indicators & Light-Duty Green Vehicle
Supply & Demand 169
8 India Light-Duty Green Vehicle Demand by Type 171
9 Australia Macroeconomic Indicators & Light-Duty Green
Vehicle Supply & Demand 174
10 Australia Light-Duty Green Vehicle Demand by Type 176
11 South Korea Macroeconomic Indicators & Light-Duty Green
Vehicle Supply & Demand 179
12 South Korea Light-Duty Green Vehicle Demand by Type 181
13 Other Asia/Pacific Macroeconomic Indicators
& Light-Duty Green Vehicle Supply & Demand 183
14 Other Asia/Pacific Light-Duty Green Vehicle Demand by Type 185
SECTION VII -- OTHER REGIONS
1 Latin America Macroeconomic Indicators & Light-Duty
Green Vehicle Supply & Demand 189
2 Latin America Light-Duty Green Vehicle Demand by Type 192
3 Eastern Europe Macroeconomic Indicators & Light-Duty
Green Vehicle Supply & Demand 195
4 Eastern Europe Light-Duty Green Vehicle Demand by Type 197
5 Africa/Mideast Macroeconomic Indicators & Light-Duty
Green Vehicle Supply & Demand 200
6 Africa/Mideast Light-Duty Green Vehicle Demand by Type 202
SECTION VIII -- INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
1 Sales of Selected Light-Duty Green Vehicle Producers, 2008 205
2 Selected Acquisitions & Divestitures 215
3 Selected Cooperative Agreements 229
LIST OF CHARTS
CHART NUMBER PAGE
SECTION II -- MARKET ENVIRONMENT
1 Global Green Vehicle Demand Scenarios 5
2 Honda Civic Hybrid & NGV Model Breakeven Versus Civic
ICE Model, US Market Example, 2009 Data 31
3 Options for Improving Light Vehicle Fuel Efficiency 34
4 Alternative Powerplant Forces at Work 35
5 Light Vehicle Powerplant Technology Assessment
(Next Decade) 38
6 Price/Benefits Comparison of Selected Light-Duty
Green Vehicles, 2009 Model Year 40
7 Types of Hybrid-Electric Vehicle Technologies 44
SECTION VIII -- INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
1 Light-Duty Green Vehicle Market Share, 2008 208
2 Light-Duty HEV, EV & PHEV Market Share, 2008 209
3 Light-Duty Natural Gas Vehicle Market Share, 2008 211
4 Trigger Technology Definition, Antilock Brake System
Example 218
5 Green Vehicle Technologies with Multiple Possible
Applications 220